Red-green colour blindness is an inherited condition caused by recessive genes on the X-chromosome. The most common types of colour blindness are the red-green types which are also called protan ("pro-tan") colour blindness and deutan (“do-tan”) colour blindness (see Types of Colour Blindness for more information about these). Estimates of these conditions are about 1 in 2000 people, or lower, but are known to be greater in certain subpopulations. The more rare forms of colour blindness include achromatopsia and progressive eye diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa. Some estimates place the total number at least as high as those for red-green colour blindness, and may be increasing due to the trend toward an aging population demographic worldwide. Less precise statistics are known about blue-yellow colour deficiency, which is most often caused by progressive or age-related eye conditions. Because of the X-linked recessive biology behind red-green colour blindness, the condition affects mainly men: about one in 12 men (8%), but also includes about one in 200 women (.5%). Red-green colour blindness is acquired genetically through your parents and is expressed by genes on the X-chromosome. There are an estimated 350 million people in the world with red-green colour blindness (deutan-type and protan-type vision deficiency), or 4% of the total population. If you have colour blindness, our test can tell you your type of colour vision and if your colour vision deficiency is mild, moderate, or strong - in less than two minutes. To learn if you are colour blind, take the EnChroma Colour Blind Test. In summary, there are many types and degrees of what can be considered “colour blindness,” ranging from partial to complete lack of colour discrimination. Achromatopsia can be inherited but can also result from progressive eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. This is called monochromacy or achromatopsia. In very rare cases, a person can be completely colour blind, meaning they see only the intensity of light, but not its colour. Blue-yellow colour blindness is usually caused by age-related eye conditions such as glaucoma, or exposure to certain chemicals or medical treatments. Other types of colour blindness exist also, such as tritan-type CVD, also called blue-yellow colour blindness, which is associated with the inability to see shades of blue, and confusions between blue and green colours. Red-green colour blindness is usually inherited via X-linked recessive genes. These confusions are typical of what is called “ red-green colour blindness,” which includes protan-type CVD (protanomaly and protanopia) and deutan-type CVD (deuteranomaly and deuteranopia). When a person is colour blind, also called colour vision deficiency (CVD), they usually have difficulty distinguishing between certain colours such as yellow and orange, green and brown, pink and gray, or blue and purple. What is colour blindness? Colour blindness is a reduced ability to distinguish between colours when compared to the standard for normal human colour vision. When the ability to see colour is deficient, as in the case of colour blindness, there is a dulling of what is seen or one might say there is a dulling effect in how we see. It is deeply ingrained in our basic perception of the world. We also use colour to interpret information such as signs and lights. It entices us to eat certain foods and buy certain jewelry, and sometimes it literally defines these things. Colour is emotional, experiential, and tactical.
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